![]() Measles affects about 20 million people a year, primarily in the developing areas of Africa and Asia. Vaccination resulted in an 80% decrease in deaths from measles between 20, with about 85% of children worldwide having received their first dose as of 2017. The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease, is exceptionally safe, and is often delivered in combination with other vaccines. Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old. between 19, death occurred in only 0.2% of cases, but may be up to 10% in people with malnutrition. Vitamin A supplementation is also recommended for children. Antibiotics should be prescribed if secondary bacterial infections such as ear infections or pneumonia occur. Such care may include oral rehydration solution (slightly sweet and salty fluids), healthy food, and medications to control the fever. Once a person has become infected, no specific treatment is available, although supportive care may improve outcomes. Measles is not known to occur in other animals. Testing for the measles virus in suspected cases is important for public health efforts. Most people do not get the disease more than once. While often regarded as a childhood illness, it can affect people of any age. People are infectious to others from four days before to four days after the start of the rash. The NIH quote this 2017 paper saying: " review in 2017 identified feasible measles R 0 values of 3.7–203.3". Furthermore, measles's reproductive number estimates vary beyond the frequently cited range of 12 to 18. It is extremely contagious: nine out of ten people who are not immune and share living space with an infected person will be infected. ![]() ![]() It may also be spread through direct contact with mouth or nasal secretions. Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily from one person to the next through the coughs and sneezes of infected people. Both rubella, also known as German measles, and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses. Other names include morbilli, rubeola, red measles, and English measles. Less commonly seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain may occur. These occur in part due to measles-induced immunosuppression. Common complications include diarrhea (in 8% of cases), middle ear infection (7%), and pneumonia (6%). A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms. Small white spots known as Koplik's spots may form inside the mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms. Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 ☌ (104 ☏), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days. Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus. Pneumonia, seizures, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, immunosuppression, hearing loss, blindness Morbilli, rubeola, red measles, English measles įever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, rash
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